Eggers’ Coral Tree
Common names: Eggers’ Coral Tree, Eggers’ Coralbean, Cockspur, Mountain Immortelle, Bois Immortelle, Cachimbo
Scientific Name: Erythrina eggersii
Erythrina eggersii, commonly known as Eggers’ Coral Tree, is a rare and endangered species native to the U.S. Virgin Islands. In St. Croix, this species is of particular interest due to its limited distribution and the conservation efforts aimed at protecting it.
- Size & Form: A small tree or shrub reaching up to 7 meters in height.
- Spines: The trunk, stems, branches, and even leaves are adorned with conical spines.
- Flowers: Bright red flowers arranged in terminal racemes about 5-10 cm long. The corolla features a standard petal up to 4-5 cm long, with smaller wings and keel petals.
- Leaves: Trifoliate (three leaflets) with broadly ovate to triangular shapes, each measuring approximately 8-10 cm in length and 6-7.5 cm in width. Both surfaces of the leaflets bear yellowish, conical spines.
- Fruit: Woody legumes up to 12 cm long, slightly flattened and deeply constricted between seeds, containing bright red seeds approximately 12 mm long.
- Habitat in St. Croix: Erythrina eggersii is typically found in coastal and lowland areas of St. Croix. It thrives in well-drained soils and is often associated with native forest remnants. However, due to urbanization, agriculture, and other human activities, its natural habitat has been significantly reduced.
Conservation Status: The species is classified as Endangered according to the IUCN Red List. In St. Croix, fewer than 75 individual plants are estimated to remain in the wild. Conservation efforts are focused on habitat protection, propagation, and reintroduction programs to prevent further decline.
Cultural and Ecological Significance: Beyond its striking appearance, Eggers’ Coral Tree plays a role in local ecosystems by providing habitat and food for various bird and insect species. Its vibrant red flowers are particularly attractive to pollinators, contributing to the biodiversity of St. Croix’s natural habitats.
Preserving Erythrina eggersii in St. Croix is crucial not only for maintaining ecological balance but also for conserving the island’s unique botanical heritage.